In order to classify a condition as a Neurodevelopmental Disorder (Childhood Disorder), there needs to be impairments in social, academic or occupational functioning. Some children may experience problems with attention and hyperactivity, other children may have delays in achieving developmental milestones, difficulties in social relationships and deficits in social communication.

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Autism Spectrum Disorder is characterized by pervasive problems in social communication and interaction, deficits in emotional and social reciprocity, inflexible adherence to rules, stereotyped patterns of behavior such as lining up toys, or repeating words or phrases that are heard by others.

 

Intellectual Disability presents with intellectual deficits and challenges meeting social and cultural standards for independence without ongoing support. In order to be diagnosed with this disorder, both standardized intelligence testing and a clinical assessment is required. 
 

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder includes a persistent pattern of inattention, hyperactivity, or both. If present, ADHD symptoms of inattention or hyperactivity can make it difficult to perform in school, home, and social settings (See ADHD).

 

Often these symptoms become apparent during life stage transitions like entering school or during major milestones. Many childhood disorders can include academic challenges and may require specific interventions in order to better function in their day to day environment (APA, 2013).